This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and type.
Minerals
There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. These include:
A–B
- Actinolite
- Nephrite (var.)
 
 - Adamite
 - Aegirine
 - Afghanite
 - Agrellite
 - Algodonite
 - Alunite
 - Amblygonite
 - Analcime
 - Anatase
 - Andalusite
 - Andesine
 - Anglesite
 - Anhydrite
 - Annabergite
 - Anorthite
 - Antigorite
 - Apatite
 - Apophyllite
 - Aragonite
 - Arfvedsonite
 - Asbestos
 - Astrophyllite
 - Atacamite
 - Augelite
 - Austinite
 - Axinite group:
 - Azurmalachite
 - Azurite
 - Baryte
 - Bastnaesite
 - Bayldonite
 - Benitoite
 - Beryl subgroup:
 - Beryllonite
 - Beudantite
 - Bismutotantalite
 - Biotite
 - Boleite
 - Boracite
 - Bornite
 - Brazilianite
 - Breithauptite
 - Brookite
 - Brucite
 - Bustamite
 - Bytownite
 
C–F
- Calcite
- Manganoan calcite (var.)
 
 - Caledonite
 - Canasite
 - Cancrinite
 - Carletonite
 - Carnallite
 - Cassiterite
 - Catapleiite
 - Cavansite
 - Celestite
 - Ceruleite
 - Cerussite
 - Chabazite
 - Chalcopyrite
 - Chambersite
 - Charlesite
 - Charoite
 - Childrenite
 - Chiolite
 - Chondrodite
 - Chrysoberyl
- Alexandrite (var.)
 - Cymophane
 
 - Chromite
 - Chrysocolla
 - Chrysotile
 - Cinnabar
 - Clinochlore
 - Clinohumite
 - Clinozoisite
 - Clintonite
 - Cobaltite
 - Colemanite
 - Cordierite
- Iolite (var.)
 
 - Cornwallite
 - Corundum
- Ruby (var.)
 - Sapphire (var.)
 - Golden sheen sapphire
 
 - Covellite
 - Creedite
 - Crocoite
 - Cryolite
 - Cuprite
 - Danburite
 - Datolite
 - Descloizite
 - Diamond
 - Diaspore
 - Dickinsonite
 - Diopside
 - Dioptase
 - Dolomite
 - Dumortierite
 - Ekanite
 - Elbaite
 - Emerald
- Trapiche emerald (var.)
 
 - Enstatite
 - Eosphorite
 - Epidote
 - Erythrite
 - Esperite
 - Ettringite
 - Euclase
 - Eudialyte
 - Euxenite
 - Fayalite
 - Feldspar subgroup:
 - Fergusonite
 - Ferroaxinite
 - Fluorapatite
 - Fluorapophyllite
 - Fluorite
 - Forsterite
 - Friedelite
 
G–L
- Gadolinite
 - Gahnite
 - Gahnospinel
 - Garnet group:
- Pyralspite
 - Ugrandite
 - Almandine-pyrope
 - Andradite-grossular
- Grandite (Mali garnet)
 
 - Pyrope-almandine-spessartine
 - Pyrope-spessartine
- Umbalite
 
 
 - Gaspeite
 - Gaylussite
 - Gibbsite
 - Glaucophane
 - Goethite
 - Goosecreekite
 - Grandidierite
 - Gypsum
 - Gyrolite
 - Halite
 - Hambergite
 - Hanksite
 - Hardystonite
 - Hauyne
 - Helenite
 - Hematite
 - Hemimorphite
 - Herderite
 - Hexagonite
 - Hibonite
 - Hiddenite
 - Hodgkinsonite
 - Holtite
 - Howlite
 - Huebnerite
 - Humite
 - Hureaulite
 - Hurlbutite
 - Hyperitdiabas
 - Ilmenite
 - Inderite
 - Jade
 - Jasper
 - Jeremejevite
 - Kainite
 - Kämmererite
 - Kaolinite
 - Kornerupine
 - Kutnohorite
 - Kurnakovite
 - Kyanite
 - Langbeinite
 - Lawsonite
 - Lazulite
 - Lazurite
 - Legrandite
 - Lepidolite
 - Leucite
 - Leucophanite
 - Linarite
 - Lizardite
 - Londonite
 - Ludlamite
 - Ludwigite
 
M–Q
- Magnesite
 - Malachite
 - Marialite-meionite
- Wernerite (var.)
 
 - Marcasite
 - Meliphanite
 - Mellite
 - Mesolite
 - Microcline
 - Microlite
 - Milarite
 - Millerite
 - Mimetite
 - Monazite
 - Mordenite
 - Mottramite
 - Muscovite
- Fuchsite (var.)
 
 - Musgravite
 - Nambulite
 - Narsarsukite
 - Natrolite
 - Nepheline
 - Neptunite
 - Nickeline (Niccolite)
 - Nosean
 - Nuummite
 - Olivine
 - Opal
- Fire opal
 - Moss opal
 
 - Painite
 - Palygorskite
 - Papagoite
 - Pargasite
 - Parisite
 - Pectolite
 - Pentlandite
 - Peridot
 - Periclase
 - Perthite
 - Petalite (castorite)
 - Pezzottaite
 - Phenakite
 - Phlogopite
 - Phosgenite
 - Phosphophyllite
 - Phosphosiderite
 - Piemontite
 - Pietersite
 - Plumbogummite
 - Pollucite
 - Polyhalite
 - Poudretteite
 - Powellite
 - Prehnite
 - Prismatine
 - Prosopite
 - Proustite
 - Psilomelane
 - Pumpellyite
- Chlorastrolite (var.)
 
 - Purpurite
 - Pyrite
 - Pyrargyrite
 - Pyromorphite
 - Pyrophyllite
 - Pyroxmangite
 - Pyrrhotite
 - Quartz
- Amethyst (var.)
 - Ametrine (var.)
 - Aventurine (var.)
 - Chalcedony (var.)
 - Citrine (var.)
 - Druzy (var.)
 - Flint (var.)
 - Herkimer diamond (var.)
 - Milky quartz (var.)
 - Prasiolite (var.)
 - Radiolarite (var.)
 - Rose quartz (var.)
 - Rock crystal (var.)
 - Shocked quartz (var.)
 - Smoky quartz (var.)
 
 - Quartzite
 
R–Z
- Realgar
 - Rhodizite
 - Rhodochrosite
 - Rhodonite
 - Richterite
 - Riebeckite
- Crocidolite (var.)
 
 - Rosasite
 - Rutile
 - Samarskite
 - Sanidine
 - Sapphirine
 - Sarcolite
 - Scapolite
 - Scheelite
 - Schizolite
 - Scorodite
 - Selenite
 - Sellaite
 - Senarmontite
 - Sepiolite (Meerschaum)
 - Sérandite
 - Seraphinite
 - Serendibite
 - Serpentine subgroup
 - Shattuckite
 - Shigaite
 - Shortite
 - Shungite
 - Siderite
 - Sillimanite
 - Simpsonite
 - Sinhalite
 - Smaltite
 - Smithsonite
 - Sodalite
- Hackmanite (var.)
 
 - Sogdianite
 - Sperrylite
 - Spessartite
 - Sphalerite
 - Spinel
- Ceylonite (var.)
 
 - Spodumene
 - Spurrite
 - Staurolite
 - Stibiotantalite
 - Stichtite
 - Stolzite
 - Strontianite
 - Strontium titanate
 - Sulfur
 - Sugilite
- Bustamite (var.)
 - Richterite (var.)
 
 - Sylvite
 - Taaffeite
 - Talc
 - Tantalite
 - Tektites
 - Tephroite
 - Thomsonite
 - Thaumasite
 - Tinaksite
 - Titanite (sphene)
 - Topaz
 - Tourmaline subgroup:
- Achroite (var.)
 - Chrome (var.)
 - Dravite
 - Elbaite
 - Fluor-liddicoatite
 - Indicolite
 - Olenite
 - Paraiba (var.)
 - Rossmanite
 - Rubellite (var.)
 
 - Tremolite
- Hexagonite (var.)
 
 - Triphylite
 - Triplite
 - Tugtupite
 - Turquoise
 - Ulexite
 - Ussingite
 - Vanadinite
 - Variscite
 - Väyrynenite
 - Vesuvianite (idocrase)
- Californite (var.)
 
 - Villiaumite
 - Vivianite
 - Vlasovite
 - Wardite
 - Wavellite
 - Weloganite
 - Whewellite
 - Wilkeite
 - Willemite
 - Witherite
 - Wollastonite
 - Wulfenite
 - Wurtzite
 - Xonotlite
 - Yugawaralite
 - Zektzerite
 - Zeolites
 - Zincite
 - Zinnwaldite
 - Zircon
- Jacinth (var.)
 
 - Zoisite
 - Zultanite
 - Zunyite
 
Artificial and lab created
There are a number of artificial and lab grown minerals used to produce gemstones. These include:
- Lab alexandrite
 - Lab corundum
 - Cubic zirconia
 - Lab diamond
 - Lab emerald
 - Fordite
 - Gadolinium gallium garnet
 - Lab moissanite
 - Synthetic opal
 - Metal-coated crystals hyped as rainbow quartz
 - Lab spinel
 - Synthetic turquoise
 - Terbium gallium garnet
 - Trinitite
 - Yttrium aluminium garnet
 - Yttrium iron garnet
 
Organic
There are a number of organic materials used as gems, including:
Rocks
Some rocks are used as gems, including:
- Anthracite
 - Anyolite
 - Bauxite
 - Concretions
 - Bloodstone (Heliotrope)
 - Eilat stone
 - Epidosite
 - Glimmerite
 - Goldstone (glittering glass)
 - Hawk's eye
 - Helenite (artificial glass made from volcanic ash)
 - Iddingsite
 - Kimberlite
 - Lamproite
 - Lapis lazuli
 - Libyan desert glass
 - Llanite
 - Maw sit sit
 - Moldavite
 - Obsidian
 - Apache tears
 - Pallasite
 - Peridotite (also known as olivinite)
 - Siilinjärvi carbonatite
 - Soapstone (also known as steatite)
 - Tactite
 - Tiger's eye
 - Unakite
 
Chatoyant gems
Some minerals made into gemstones may display a chatoyancy or cat's eye effect, these include:[1]
- Actinolite
 - Andalusite
 - Apatite
 - Beryl
 - Beryllium
 - Beryllonite
 - Calcite
 - Cerussite
 - Chrysoberyl
 - Danburite
 - Diaspore
 - Diopside
 - Enstatite
 - Garnet
 - Grandidierite
 - Hawk's eye
 - Hypersthene
 - Iolite
 - Kornerupine
 - Kunzite
 - Kyanite
 - Moonstone
 - Opal
 - Peridot
 - Peristerite (Albite variety)
 - Pezzottaite
 - Phenakite
 - Prasiolite
 - Prehnite
 - Quartz
 - Rhodonite
 - Rutile
 - Scapolite
 - Selenite
 - Serpentine
 - Sillimanite
 - Smoky Quartz
 - Spinel
 - Sunstone
 - Tanzanite
 - Tiger's Eye
 - Topaz
 - Tourmaline
 - Ulexite
 - Zircon
 
Asterism
See also
References
Further reading
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